Fig.1
Melicoccusbijugatus
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Spanish lime, M.bijugatus
Fig. 12
M. bijugatus
Fig. 13
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Mamón, Venezuela
Fig. 21
El mamon y sus preparaciones, Venezuela
Fig. 26
Seedling,Panama
Fig. 27
M. bijugatus,Colombia
Fig. 28
GenipM. bijugatus,Medellin, Colombia
Fig. 29
GenipM. bijugatus,Medellin, Colombia
Fig. 30
Spanish lime, M.bijugatus
Fig. 31
M. bijugatus,Mamón
Fig. 32
Mamón, Venezuela
Fig. 33
Girl selling mamoncillos, Colombia
Melicoccusbijugatus Jacq.
Common names
English:genip,honeyberry; Florida:Spanish lime; Barbados only: ackee (not to be confused with Blighiasapida, q.v.); Barbados, Jamaica, Bahamas, Puerto Rico,Trinidad andTobago: genip, ginep, ginepe, guenepa, guinep; Mexico: grosella demiel, guayo; Guyana: honeyberry; Puerto Rico: Jamaica bullace plum,kanappy; Surinam: knepa;DominicanRepublic: limoncillo;Colombia, Venezuela:maca;Venezuela:maco; Colombia, Venezuela, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama,Argentina: mamon; Costa Rica: mamon de Cartagena; Guyana: marmaladebox; Venezuela: maco; Colombia, Venezuela: macauo; Dominican Republic,Puerto Rico, Colombia: quenepa; Haiti: quenepe; French:kenépier,quenette, quenettes, quenettet, quenettier; French Guiana:quenett, kenet; French West Indies:knepe; Surinam: sensiboom, knippa; El Salvador; tapaljocote; German:Honigbeere, Quenepa; Swedish: honungsbär; Tahitian: kōneti,koneti 2,9,10
Synonyms
M. bijugaL., M. bijugatusf. alataKitan., M. bijugatusf. alatusKitan., M. carpopodeaJuss.8
Relatives
Akee, Blighiasapida Koenig; longan,Dimocarpuslongan Lour.; lychee,Lichi chinensis;rambutan, Nephelium lappaceumL.
Family
Sapindaceae (soapberry family)
Origin
Nativeto northern South America and the Island of Margarita 1
USDA hardiness zones
9-125
Uses
Food; landscape
Height
Up to 85 ft (26 m) 1
Crown
Denseand round
Plant habit
Evergreen
Growth rate
Slow
Longevity
Over 50 years 17
Trunk/bark/branches
Stouttrunk, sometimes fluted; smooth, thick, gray bark; spreading branches,pointing upward; young branchlets are reddish2,13
Pruning requirement
12-15ft (3.7–4.6 m) for ease of pruning and picking; dislikes hardpruning 1,15
Leaves
Alternate, compound with 4 opposite, elliptic leaflets; 2-5 in. long(5–13 cm); 1 1/4-2 1/2 in. wide(3.2–6.3 cm) 1
Flowers
Fragrant; small, white, 4 petals, 8 stamens; flowers in Apr. and May 1,16
Fruit
Drupe;borne in looseclusters; 0.3-0.8 oz (9-22 g); 40 to 59% pulp; peel is smooth, greenand thin but leathery and brittle; pulp sweet, translucent 1,16
Season
Junethrough Sept. 1
Light requirement
Fullsun; semi shade
Soil tolerances
Well-adaptedto a wide range of well-drained soils including sandy soils with highor low pH, and high-pH calcareous soils found in Miami-Dade County 1
pH preference
5.6-7.8; neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline andsaline soils 5
Drought tolerance
Cantolerate long periods of drought 2
Flood tolerance
The roots are intolerant of flooding 17
Aerosol salttolerance
Moderately salt tolerant 17
Soil salt tolerance
Moderately salt tolerant 17
Cold tolerance
Survivesabout 26.6 °F (-3 °C), but young growth can beseverely damaged 30 °F(-1 °C) 6
Plant spacing
Shouldbeplanted at least 25 ft (7.6 m) from nearby trees/structures, maturetrees that are not regularly pruned may become quite large 1
IRoots
Seedlings produce a long taproot; lateral roots develop with age 17
nvasive potential *
Nonereported
Known hazard
Theseed, being slippery, is a potential choking hazard 7
Reading Material
Mamoncillo(Genip) Growing in the Florida Home Landscape, University ofFlorida pdf
Spanish Lime,Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
Mamoncillo,Fruits ofWarm Climates
Quenepa,kinep, Spanish-lime, Common trees of Puerto Rico and theVirgin Islands
Origin/Distribution
Themamoncillo is native to Colombia, Venezuela, and the island ofMargarita, also French Guiana, Guyana and Surinam. It is commonlycultivated and spontaneous in those countries, also in coastal Ecuador,the lowlands of Central America, the West Indies and in the Bahamas. InFlorida, it is occasionally grown as far north as Ft. Myers on the WestCoast and Palm Beach on the east; is much more plentiful in Key West,especially as a street tree.2
SapindaceousFruits and Nuts, West Australian Nut and Tree Crop Association
Description
MelicossusbijugatusJacq., also known as quenepa, mamon (Spanish), genip (English),quenette (French), and by many other common names, is native tonorthern South America and is cultivated and naturalized widelythroughout the tropics. Quenepa is a beautiful tree that is planted forurban shade (Fig. 5) and for the tasty fruit if bears. The wood isuseful for furniture and trim, but supplies are limited. 11
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| Fig. 4 | Fig. 5 | Fig. 6 |
Fig.5. Genip M. bijugatus,Antioquia, Colombia
Leaves
Theleaves are briefly deciduous, alternate, compound, having 4opposite, elliptic, sharp-pointed leaflets 2 to 5 in (5-12.5 cm) longand 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 in (3.25-6.25 cm) wide, the rachis frequentlyconspicuously winged (Fig. 7) as is that of the related soapberry (Sapindus saponariaL.). Terminal leaflets being larger than the other two, they are lightgreen. The bark has irregular warty projections from its otherwisesmooth surface. 2,13
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| Fig. 7 | Fig. 8 | Fig. 9 |
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| Fig. 10 | Fig. 11 |
Flowers
Flowersare producedin 1- to 4-inch-long (2.5–10 cm) terminal racemes duringspring(April–May). Flowers are small, white, with 4 petals and 8stamens.Male and female flowers are usually borne on separate trees(dioecious), although some trees are partly polygamous (i.e., have bothmale and female flowers on the same tree). However, the pollen fromthese male flowers may not be viable. The flowers are fragrant andattractive to bees. 1,13
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| Fig.14 | Fig.15 | Fig. 16 |
Fig.14. Genip, M. bijugatusin bloom, Colombia
Fig. 15. Close-up of the inflorescense
Fig.16. Genip M. bijugatus,Panama
Pollination
Ingeneral, twotrees, one functionally male and the other functionally female, areneeded to insure good fruit production. The flowers are pollinated byflying insects including honey bees. 1
Fruit
Thefruit clusters are branched, compact and heavy with nearly round,green fruits tipped with a small protrusion, and suggesting at firstglance small unripe limes, but there the resemblance ends. The skin issmooth, thin but leathery and brittle. The glistening pulp (aril) issalmon-colored or yellowish, translucent, gelatinous, juicy but veryscant and somewhat fibrous, usually clinging tenaciously to the seed.When fully ripe, the pulp is pleasantly acid-sweet but if unripeacidity predominates. In most fruits there is a single, large,yellowish-white, hard-shelled seed, while some have 2 hemisphericalseeds. The kernel is white, crisp, starchy, and astringent. 2
Thepulp issweet (18.5 to 26% total soluble solids; higher numbers are sweeter).Fruitmust be ripened on the tree for best flavor.They areextremely rich in iron and phosphorus. 1,7
The pulp adheres to the seed in most cases, making removal of the pulpdifficult. There are some varieties, however, that are said to befreestone, and the pulp separates cleanly from the seed.12
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| Fig.22 | Fig. 23 | Fig. 24 | Fig. 25 |
Fig.22. M. bijugatus,Melicocca bijuga
Fig. 23. Close-up of fruit,fruit flesh and seed ofM. bijugatus
Fig. 24. Genip, M.bijugatus,Cuba
Fig. 25. Huaya, fruta de le región
Fig. 26.Genip seeds
Varieties
Thereare a number of mamoncillo varieties available in Florida including'Large', 'Jose Pabon', and 'Montgomery'. 1
There are efforts in Puerto Rico and Florida to produce cultivars witha more favourable flesh-to-seed ratio. 6
"The'Queen' variety of Spanish lime from Key west is the largest, besttasting variety I have yet to come across. the tree is bisexual so itbears a limited crop even without pollination from a male. However,when crossed with a male its fruit production is greatly increased.Excessive soil moisture should be avoided during the winter as this canresult in no bloom the following spring. This outstanding varietyproduces one-and-one-half-inch diameter fruit, running fourteen to thepound. As its delicious fruit is easily sucked off the seed when eaten,I should label it "free-stone." 14
Harvesting
Mamoncilloisgenerally harvested from June through September. Mamoncillo fruitshould be harvested when fully ripe. Ripe fruit undergo no real colorchange and remain green in color. Ripeness may be determined by fruitsize and flavor. The entire fruiting cluster should be clipped from thetree and individual fruit separated by clipping. At this stage, therind becomes brittle but does not change color. Ifpicked prematurely, the rind turns blackish, a sign of deterioration.Fruit may be held atroom temperature (78–82°F; 26–28°C)or refrigerated for a few daysprior to consumption. 1,2
Propagation
Mamoncillomaybe propagated by seed, however, varieties do not come true to seed andseedling trees may not begin fruit production for 8 to 10 years. Treesmay be vegetatively propagated by marcottage (air-layering branches of2 inches of diameter during the warm part of the year, rooting in 5 to6 weeks). Grafting or budding onto seedling rootstock may not always besuccessful. 1
Asexually propagated material bears fruit in about 3-4 years.16
Types ofPropagation,Edible South Florida
VegetativePropagation of Spanish Lime and Jaboticaba, Florida StateHorticultural Societypdf
Pruning
Youngtrees shouldnot be pruned their first year but should be allowed to grow. Duringthe spring of the second year, branching should be encouraged byheading back the main stem and selecting 4 or 5 well-placed branches.Once new shoots reach 3 ft (0.9 m) in length, they may be tipped backto encourage further branching. After the third year, trees should bepruned to remove poorly placed limbs and dead wood. Trees should bekept at a maximum of about 12 to 15 ft (3.7–4.6 m). If thecanopybecomes too dense, removing some inner branches will help in aircirculation and light penetration. 1
Fertilizing
Youngtrees(less than 4 years old) should be fertilized with 0.25 to 0.50 lbs(0.11 to 0.22 kg) of a complete fertilizer every 8 weeks. 1
Oncetrees are 4 or more years old and begin fruit production, applicationsof nitrogen-containing fertilizer from August until early spring(February–March) should be avoided. Nitrogen applicationsduring thistime may stimulate new vegetative growth (i.e., leaves and shoots) andreduce or eliminate the potential for flowering and fruit production. 1
Inacid to neutral-pH soils, micronutrients such as manganese, zinc, andiron may be applied in dry applications to the soil. However, foliarapplications of manganese and zinc should be made to trees growing inhigh-pH, calcareous soils. One to two applications of micronutrientsshould be made during the growing season (March to November). 1
Irrigation
Youngtreesshould be irrigated regularly to facilitate tree establishment andgrowth. Once trees begin to bear (3 to 4 years after planting), treesshould be watered during dry periods from flowering through harvest.Mature mamoncillo trees appear to be quite tolerant of dry soilconditions but may benefit from periodic watering during prolonged dryperiods that coincide with flowering and fruit development. 1
Pests/Diseases
Ingeneral,mamoncillo has few insect pests. Mamoncillo has few disease problems. Aroot rotting fungus (cl*tocybetabescens) may weaken or kill trees butthis is not a common problem. Several fungi cause leaf spots (Fusariumspp. and Phyllostictaspp.) and red algae may attack leaves, stems, andlimbs, causing dieback. Contact your local UF/IFAS Extension agent forcurrent control recommendations. 1
Food Uses
Beneathits green skin is a large seed coated in a peach colored flesh, whichtastes a bit like a lime. The most common way of eating Spanish limesis to remove the skin and eat the pulp from the seed. With fruits thathave non-adherent pulp, the latter may be scraped fromthe seed and utilized to make pie-filling, jam, marmalade or jelly, butthis entails much work for the small amount of edible materialrealized. More commonly, the peeled fruits are boiled and the resultingjuice is prized for cold drinks. In Colombia, the juice is cannedcommercially amd the peeled fruit are often soaked inrum and sugar to make a delicious beverage. If roasted, the seeds areedible and can be eaten like chestnuts. Spanish lime is a good sourceof iron, as well as fiber, calcium, Vitamin A, phosphorus and niacin. 2,3
Seeds within the fruit can be roasted and then ground into flour or eaten whole. 17
MedicinalProperties **
In Venezuela, the astringent roasted seed kernels are pulverized, mixedwith honey and given to halt diarrhea. The astringent leaf decoction isgiven as an enema for intestinal complaints. 3
Other Uses
Juice:A dye has been experimentally made from the juice of the raw fruitwhich makes an indelible stain.
Flowers:The flowers are rich in nectar and highly appealing to hummingbirds andhoneybees. The honey is somewhat dark in color but of agreeable flavor.The tree is esteemed by Jamaican beekeepers though the flowering season(March/April) is short. 3
Leaves: In Panama, the leaves arescatteredin houses where there are many fleas. It is claimed that the fleas areattracted to the leaves and are cast out with the swept-up foliage.Some believe that the leaves actually kill the fleas. 3
Wood:Theheartwood is yellow with dark lines, compact, hard, heavy,fine-grained; inclined to decay out of doors, but valued for rafters,indoor framing, and cabinetwork. 3
Thespecies is also commonly planted along roadsides as an ornamental tree.7
General
Thisfruit, known asquenepa in Puerto Rico, grows particularly abundantly in themunicipality of Ponce, and there is a yearly celebration in thatmunicipality known as Festival Nacional de la Quenepa (National GenipFruit Festival). 4
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| Fig. 34 |
Fig.34. Mamoncillo distribution map, wild populations
Further Reading
Melicoccus bijugatusJacq. Quenepa. Sapindaceae. Soapberry family, USDA ForestServicepdf
The Mamoncillo,Manual Of Tropical And Subtropical Fruits
The Spanish Lime,Archives of the Rare Fruit Council of Australia
List ofGrowers and Vendors
1 Crane, Jonathan H., and Carlos F.Balerdi. "Mamoncillo (Genip) Growing in the Florida Home Landscape." Horticultural Sciences Dept.,UF/IFAS Extension, HS1070,Original pub.Nov. 2006, Rev. Nov. 2016, Rev. Dec. 2019, AskIFAS edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs310.Accessed2 Feb. 2020.
2Ledesma, Noris. "Spanish Lime." FairchildTropical Botanic Garden, Miami Herald, 7 Oct. 2012 www.fairchildgarden.org/Tropical-Garden-Archive/spanish-lime-1.Accessed 7 Dec. 2019.
3Fruitsof Warm Climates. Julia F.Morton. Miami, 1987.
4 "Spanish Lime, Melicoccus bijugaturJacq." Enclyclopedia ofLife, (CCBY-SA 3.0), EOL,eol.org/pages/47125856/articles#cite_note-6.Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.
5 Fern, Ken. "Melicoccus bijugatus,Jacq." Plants for aFuture,pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Melicoccus+bijugatus.Accessed 3Feb.2020.
6 "Melicoccusbijugatus,Jacq." Plants for aFuture, via Ecocrop,pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Melicoccus+bijugatus.Accessed 3Feb.2020.
7 "MelicoccusbijugatusJacq. in Döring M." EnglishWikipedia, Species Pages, Checklist dataset, Wikimedia Foundation,via GBIF.org, 2019, doi.org/10.15468/c3kkgh. Accessed3 Feb. 2020.
8 "Synonyms for Melicoccus bijugatusJacq." The Plant List(2013), Version 1.1, www.theplantlist.org.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
9 "Taxon: Melicoccus bijugatusJacq." USDA,Agricultural Research Service,National Plant Germplasm System, Germplasm Resources InformationNetwork (GRIN-Taxonomy), National Germplasm Resources Laboratory,Beltsville, Maryland, 2020, U.S.National Plant Germplasm System, sweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=70440.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
10"Melicoccus bijugatus."Pacific IslandEcosystems at Risk,21 May 2013, PIER,www.hear.org/pier/species/melicoccus_bijugatus.htm. Accessed 4 Feb.2020.
11 Francis, John K. "Melicoccus bijugatusJacq. Quenepa. Sapindaceae. Soapberry family." USDA Forest Service,Southern Forest Experiment Station, Institute of Tropical ForestrySO-ITF-SM; 48, 1992, USForest Service, PublicDomain,www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pubs/sm_iitf048%20%20%284%29.pdf.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
12Joyner,Gene. "The Spanish Lime." TropicalFruit News, Vol.29 No.4, Apr. 1995, Archives of the Rare FruitCouncil of Australia, May 1995, rfcarchives.org.au/Fruits/SpanishLime/SpanishLime7-95.htm.Accessed 5 Feb. 2020.
13 Kirk, Kent T. Tropical trees for Florida andthe Virgin Islands. A Guide to Identification, Characteristics and Uses.Sarasota, Pineapple Press, 2009, 2017.
14Whitman, William F. FiveDecades with Tropical Fruit, A Personal Journey. Stuart,Quisqualis Books in cooperation with Fairchild Tropical Garden, 2001.
15Barwick, Margaret. Tropical& Subtropical Trees. A Worldwide Encyclopaedic Guide.London, 2004.
16 Duarte, Odilo and Robert E. Paull. Exotic Fruits and Nuts of theNew World. Cambridge, CABI, 2015.
17 "Growing Spanish Lime: Melicoccus bijugatus." Garden Oracle, gardenoracle.com/images/melicoccus-bijugatus.html. Accessed 8 Apr. 2023.
Photographs
Fig. 1 "Melicoccusbijugatus, Melicocca bijuga." Top Tropicals, toptropicals.com/pics/garden/06/olymp0/P7130057.jpg.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 2,3,7,8,9,29Janzen, Daniel H. "Spanish Lime,Melicoccus bijugatusJacq." Guanacasta DryForest Conservation Fund, 2010,EOL, (CC BY-SA 3.0),eol.org/pages/47125856/media.Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 4 Idárraga O., Liu. "Genip Melicoccus bijugatus.Antioquia, Colombia."iNaturalist, Research Grade, 31694285, 4 Feb. 2019, (CC BY-NC),www.inaturalist.org/photos/31694285.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 5 Benavides, Ana Maria. "Genip Melicoccus bijugatus.Panama." iNaturalist,Research Grade, 36893690, 12 Sept. 2019, (CC BY-NC 4.0),www.inaturalist.org/photos/36893690.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 6 McCormack, Gerald."Melicoccus bijugatusJacq." Cook Islands BiodiversityDatabase, Version 2007.2, Cook Islands Natural HeritageTrust, Rarotonga, 2007, cookislands.bishopmuseum.org. Accessed 4 Feb.2020.
Fig.10,11,12,13,17Aguilar, Reinaldo. "Melicoccusbijugatus Jacq."Vascular Plants of the OsaPeninsula, Costa Rica, Encyclopedia of Life, via Flickr, EOL, Image cropped,(CC BY-NC-SA2.0),eol.org/pages/47125856/media.Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 14 de Roux, Juan Manuel. "Genip Melicoccus bijugatus.Panama." iNaturalist,Research Grade, 55530580, 27 Oct. 2019, (CCBY-NC 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/photos/55530580.Accessed 4Feb. 2020.
Fig. 15 de Roux, Juan Manuel. "Genip Melicoccus bijugatus.Panama." iNaturalist,Research Grade, 55530568, 27 Oct. 2019, (CCBY-NC 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/photos/55530568.Accessed 4Feb. 2020.
Fig. 16 Espinosa, Alex. "Genip Melicoccus bijugatus.Panama." iNaturalist,Research Grade, 33489219, 25 Mar. 2019, (CCBY-NC 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/photos/33489219.Accessed 4Feb. 2020.
Fig. 18 Filogèn'."Melicoccusbijugatus."WikimediaCommons, 30 July 2019, GFDL, (CC BY-SA 4.0), commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Melicoccus_bijugatus#/media/File:Melicoccus_bijugatus,_Fruits_02.jpg.Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 20,21,32 A. Brito, Maria. "El mamon y suspreparaciones." La Casita de Maribri, 12 Aug. 2011 (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0), Image cropped,lacasitademaribri.blogspot.com/2011_08_01_archive.html.Accessed 2 June 2022.
Fig. 22 "Melicoccusbijugatus, Melicocca bijuga." Top Tropicals, toptropicals.com/pics/garden/05/10/0975.jpg.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
Fig.23 HansB. "Close-up of fruit, fruit flesh and seed of Melicoccus bijugatus."Encyclopedia ofLife,via Wikimedia Commons, 792749, 18 May 2006, EOL, Public Domain,Image cropped, eol.org/media/7606918.Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 24 de J. Carcaño Loeza,Alvaro. " Huaya,fruta de le región." WikimediaCommons,26 July 2016, (CCBY-SA4.0), commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Melicoccus_bijugatus#/media/File:Huaya,_fruta_de_le_región_de_Yucatán.jpg.Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 25 Filogèn'."Genip seeds."Wikimedia Commons,31July 2019, GFDL,(CC BY-SA 4.0),commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Melicoccus_bijugatus#/media/File:Melicoccus_bijugatus,_Seeds_04.jpg.Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 26gumercindopimentel. "Genip Melicoccusbijugatus. Panama."iNaturalist, Research Grade, 41742065, 12 June 2019, (CC BY-NC 4.0),www.inaturalist.org/photos/41742065.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
Fig.27 generacion juvenilambiental. "Melicoccus bijugatus.Colombia."Flickr,21 Oct. 2016, (CCBY-NC-SA 2.0), www.flickr.com/photos/148238796@N07/30355966902/.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 28 Valencia, Gustavo. "Genip Melicoccus bijugatus.Medellin, Colombia."iNaturalist, Research Grade, 37465652, 25 Mar. 2019, (CC BY-NC 4.0),www.inaturalist.org/photos/37465652.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 29 Benavides, Ana Maria. "Genip, Melicoccus bijugatus.Panama." iNaturalist,Research Grade, 58394452, 12 Sept. 2019, (CC BY-NC 4.0),Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/photos/58394452.Accessed 4 Feb.2020.
Fig. 30 Jovenes Investigadores Ondas. "Melicoccus bijugatus.Mamón. Colombia."Flickr,20 May 2016, (CCBY-NC-SA 2.0), www.flickr.com/photos/139391893@N07/27165544002/.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 31 Bouchard,Philip. "Girl Selling Mamoncillos, Colombia." Flickr, 1980, (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0),www.flickr.com/photos/pbouchard/398506767.Accessed 5 Feb. 2020.
Fig. 32 Wunderlin, R. P., et al. "Melicoccus bijugatusJacq." Institute forSystematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa, S.M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF WaterInstitute, 2019, Atlasof Florida Plants, florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=1529.Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.
* UF/IFASAssessment of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas
** Informationprovided is not intended to be used as a guide for treatment of medicalconditions.
Published 22 Feb. 2020 LR. Last update 8 Apr. 2023 LR
